The parliamentary monsoon session is concluding, yet it has produced no significant discussions or legislative achievements. This impasse can be attributed to various factors, primarily the contentious amendments to the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act and the lack of transparency surrounding the government's plans for electoral boundary redrawing (delimitation). Generally speaking, it appears the government perceives Parliament as something to bypass rather than a crucial arena for debating and fostering agreement on matters of national importance. Such an approach fails to provide solutions and, at best, merely generates victors and vanquished in specific instances. However, without sincere dialogue and broad agreement, what might seem like a triumph for either the ruling party or the opposition in the short term could ultimately prove detrimental to both parliamentary democracy and the country as a whole. While possessing a majority in Parliament is a procedural prerequisite, democracy encompasses far more than just numerical advantage. The constant endeavor should be to broaden accord and diminish disagreements across the entire range of viewpoints concerning any particular subject. Given India's inherent diversity, it is natural for a multitude of perspectives to exist, not only between the government and the opposition but also within their respective ranks. Regrettably, articulating and harmonizing these differing opinions receives considerably less attention than simply accumulating the necessary votes to push through a particular initiative.
The upcoming redrawing of electoral boundaries (delimitation) will have profound consequences, necessitating the broadest possible agreement beforehand. The nation's system of representation is poised for an overhaul, yet the government, despite its eagerness to adjust the schedule and conditions, maintains extreme secrecy regarding the process. Enacting laws with minimal preliminary discussion or parliamentary scrutiny has become a regular occurrence in recent times. Delimitation is a subject fraught with considerable public misunderstanding and significant apprehension. Even a substantial portion of the political establishment might be unaware of its full extent and potential repercussions. Instead of attempting to alter the regulations concerning delimitation and the composition of the Lok Sabha by simply amassing the necessary votes, the government ought to disseminate its proposed changes and solicit input from all involved parties. A meeting involving all political parties, as requested by the Opposition, could serve as an excellent starting point for the discussions that should unfold across the wider political sphere and within Parliament itself. The public will inevitably perceive any measure that is technically legalized through deceptive means as precisely that. It is important to remember that in both 1976 and 2001, under administrations led by the Congress and the BJP respectively, decisions concerning delimitation were reached through unanimous agreement. The government and the BJP ought to take the lead once more in forging a consensus on delimitation, prioritizing the country's cohesion and advancement.
English: A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock. Explanation: Imagine two cars facing each other on a very narrow road, neither can move forward or backward without the other moving. That's an impasse. It's a situation where no solution or agreement can be reached.
गतिरोध, गतिरोध की स्थिति
Impasse
NounHard
English: A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock. Explanation: Imagine two cars facing each other on a very narrow road, neither can move forward or backward without the other moving. That's an impasse. It's a situation where no solution or agreement can be reached.
गतिरोध, गतिरोध की स्थिति
Examples
The negotiations reached an impasse after hours of debate, with neither side willing to compromise.
"Im-pass" sounds like "impossible to pass." When you can't pass, you're stuck in an impasse.
AdjectiveHard
English: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial. Explanation: Something contentious is something that people strongly disagree about, often leading to arguments or debates. It's a topic that stirs up strong opinions.
विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू
Contentious
AdjectiveHard
English: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial. Explanation: Something contentious is something that people strongly disagree about, often leading to arguments or debates. It's a topic that stirs up strong opinions.
विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू
Examples
The government's new policy on education proved highly contentious among teachers and parents.
"Contentious" sounds like "contention," which means disagreement or dispute.
NounHard
English: The action of fixing the boundaries or limits of something. Explanation: In politics, delimitation refers specifically to the process of redrawing electoral boundaries to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same population, thus ensuring fair representation.
परिसीमन, सीमा निर्धारण
Delimitation
NounHard
English: The action of fixing the boundaries or limits of something. Explanation: In politics, delimitation refers specifically to the process of redrawing electoral boundaries to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same population, thus ensuring fair representation.
परिसीमन, सीमा निर्धारण
Examples
The upcoming delimitation exercise will significantly alter the electoral map of the state.
"De-limit-ation" – removing or setting limits. Think of drawing lines to define limits.
Verb (present participle/gerun
English: Encouraging the development of something good or desirable. Explanation: To foster means to help something grow, develop, or improve, often by providing support, encouragement, or suitable conditions.
पालन-पोषण करना, बढ़ावा देना
Fostering
Verb (present participle/gerun
English: Encouraging the development of something good or desirable. Explanation: To foster means to help something grow, develop, or improve, often by providing support, encouragement, or suitable conditions.
पालन-पोषण करना, बढ़ावा देना
Examples
The school aims to foster a love of learning in all its students.
Think of a "foster parent" who helps a child grow and develop.
Verb (past participle/adjectivHard
English: Defeated thoroughly. Explanation: When someone or something is vanquished, they have been completely overcome or defeated, especially in a battle, competition, or argument. It often implies a decisive victory.
पराजित, हारा हुआ
Vanquished
Verb (past participle/adjectivHard
English: Defeated thoroughly. Explanation: When someone or something is vanquished, they have been completely overcome or defeated, especially in a battle, competition, or argument. It often implies a decisive victory.
पराजित, हारा हुआ
Examples
The champion boxer vanquished his opponent in the first round.
"Vanquished" sounds a bit like "vanished" – the defeated side vanished from the competition.
AdjectiveHard
English: Tending to cause harm; harmful. Explanation: If something is detrimental, it has a negative or damaging effect on something else. It's often used in formal contexts.
हानिकारक, अहितकर
Detrimental
AdjectiveHard
English: Tending to cause harm; harmful. Explanation: If something is detrimental, it has a negative or damaging effect on something else. It's often used in formal contexts.
हानिकारक, अहितकर
Examples
Lack of sleep can be detrimental to your health and academic performance.
"De-triment-al" sounds like "destroying a monument" – something that causes harm.
NounHard
English: A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. Explanation: A prerequisite is something you must have or do before you can do something else. For example, a certain course might be a prerequisite for a more advanced course.
पूर्व-अपेक्षा, अनिवार्य शर्त
Prerequisite
NounHard
English: A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. Explanation: A prerequisite is something you must have or do before you can do something else. For example, a certain course might be a prerequisite for a more advanced course.
पूर्व-अपेक्षा, अनिवार्य शर्त
Examples
A good understanding of basic algebra is a prerequisite for advanced mathematics.
Synonyms
requirement, condition, essential, necessity, precondition, stipulation, sine qua non
"Pre-requisite" means "required beforehand." "Pre" means before.
VerbHard
English: Surrounds and has or holds within; includes. Explanation: To encompass means to include a wide range of things, or to completely surround something. It suggests a comprehensive scope.
समाहित करना, घेरना
Encompasses
VerbHard
English: Surrounds and has or holds within; includes. Explanation: To encompass means to include a wide range of things, or to completely surround something. It suggests a comprehensive scope.
समाहित करना, घेरना
Examples
The new curriculum encompasses a wide range of subjects, from science to art.
Think of a compass drawing a circle, encompassing everything within its reach.
Noun
English: An attempt to achieve a goal. Explanation: An endeavor is a serious and often difficult effort or attempt to do something. It implies persistence and hard work towards a specific aim.
प्रयास, प्रयत्न
Endeavor
Noun
English: An attempt to achieve a goal. Explanation: An endeavor is a serious and often difficult effort or attempt to do something. It implies persistence and hard work towards a specific aim.
प्रयास, प्रयत्न
Examples
Building a successful business requires great effort and continuous endeavor.
"End-eavor" – you put in effort until the very end to achieve your goal.
Noun
English: Agreement or harmony. Explanation: Accord refers to a state of agreement or harmony between people, groups, or ideas. It can also refer to a formal agreement or treaty.
समझौता, सहमति
Accord
Noun
English: Agreement or harmony. Explanation: Accord refers to a state of agreement or harmony between people, groups, or ideas. It can also refer to a formal agreement or treaty.
समझौता, सहमति
Examples
The two nations reached an accord on trade relations after months of negotiations.
"Accord" sounds like "a chord" in music, where different notes come together harmoniously.
AdjectiveHard
English: Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. Explanation: If something is inherent, it is a basic or essential part of something or someone, and it cannot be separated from it. It's a natural quality.
अंतर्निहित, स्वाभाविक
Inherent
AdjectiveHard
English: Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. Explanation: If something is inherent, it is a basic or essential part of something or someone, and it cannot be separated from it. It's a natural quality.
अंतर्निहित, स्वाभाविक
Examples
The desire for freedom is inherent in human nature.
"In-herent" – it's *in* there, part of its *heredity* or nature.
Noun
English: A large number of people or things. Explanation: A multitude refers to a very large quantity or number of something, often people. It emphasizes the sheer volume.
भीड़, जनसमूह, बहुत बड़ी संख्या
Multitude
Noun
English: A large number of people or things. Explanation: A multitude refers to a very large quantity or number of something, often people. It emphasizes the sheer volume.
भीड़, जनसमूह, बहुत बड़ी संख्या
Examples
A multitude of problems arose after the sudden change in policy.
"Multi-" means many, so "multitude" means a great many.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Expressing an idea or feeling fluently and coherently. Explanation: To articulate means to express your thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and effectively in words. It can also refer to forming a joint.
स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करना, उच्चारण करना
Articulating
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Expressing an idea or feeling fluently and coherently. Explanation: To articulate means to express your thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and effectively in words. It can also refer to forming a joint.
स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करना, उच्चारण करना
Examples
She struggled to articulate her feelings during the emotional discussion.
Think of an "art" class where you learn to express yourself clearly.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Bringing into agreement or harmony. Explanation: To harmonize means to make different things, people, or ideas work together well or be in agreement, often by resolving differences.
सामंजस्य स्थापित करना, सुसंगत बनाना
Harmonizing
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Bringing into agreement or harmony. Explanation: To harmonize means to make different things, people, or ideas work together well or be in agreement, often by resolving differences.
सामंजस्य स्थापित करना, सुसंगत बनाना
Examples
The goal of the meeting was to harmonize the various viewpoints on the new project.
Like musical "harmony," where different notes sound good together.
AdjectiveHard
English: Very great or intense; having or showing great knowledge or insight. Explanation: Something profound is very deep, significant, or intense. It can refer to a deep thought, a strong feeling, or a significant impact.
गहरा, गंभीर, गहन
Profound
AdjectiveHard
English: Very great or intense; having or showing great knowledge or insight. Explanation: Something profound is very deep, significant, or intense. It can refer to a deep thought, a strong feeling, or a significant impact.
गहरा, गंभीर, गहन
Examples
The experience had a profound effect on his life and changed his perspective.
"Profound" sounds like "pro-found" – a professional who has *found* deep insights.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (something) necessary as a result or consequence. Explanation: If something necessitates an action, it means that action becomes absolutely required because of it. It implies a strong cause-and-effect relationship.
आवश्यक बनाना, अनिवार्य करना
Necessitating
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (something) necessary as a result or consequence. Explanation: If something necessitates an action, it means that action becomes absolutely required because of it. It implies a strong cause-and-effect relationship.
आवश्यक बनाना, अनिवार्य करना
Examples
The sudden storm necessitated a change in our travel plans.
Synonyms
requiring, demanding, obliging, compelling, calling for, entailing, impelling
Antonyms
obviating, precluding, preventing, avoiding, foregoing, dispensing with
Memory Trick
"Necessity" is the root word – making something a necessity.
NounHard
English: A thorough examination and repair of machinery or a system; a complete change. Explanation: An overhaul is a complete and thorough renovation, repair, or restructuring of something, often to improve its efficiency or effectiveness.
पूरी तरह से मरम्मत करना, व्यापक सुधार
Overhaul
NounHard
English: A thorough examination and repair of machinery or a system; a complete change. Explanation: An overhaul is a complete and thorough renovation, repair, or restructuring of something, often to improve its efficiency or effectiveness.
पूरी तरह से मरम्मत करना, व्यापक सुधार
Examples
The company decided to undertake a complete overhaul of its outdated computer systems.
neglect, deterioration, breakdown, stagnation, decline, minor repair
Memory Trick
"Over-haul" – hauling everything out to look it *over* and fix it completely.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (a bill or other proposal) law; playing a role. Explanation: In a legal context, to enact means to make a bill into a law. More broadly, it can mean to perform or act out something.
अधिनियमित करना, कानून बनाना
Enacting
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (a bill or other proposal) law; playing a role. Explanation: In a legal context, to enact means to make a bill into a law. More broadly, it can mean to perform or act out something.
अधिनियमित करना, कानून बनाना
Examples
Parliament is currently debating a new bill with the intention of enacting it into law next month.
"En-act" – putting something into action, like a law.
NounHard
English: Critical observation or examination. Explanation: Scrutiny involves a very close and careful inspection or examination of something, often to find flaws or ensure accuracy.
सूक्ष्म परीक्षण, बारीकी से जांच
Scrutiny
NounHard
English: Critical observation or examination. Explanation: Scrutiny involves a very close and careful inspection or examination of something, often to find flaws or ensure accuracy.
सूक्ष्म परीक्षण, बारीकी से जांच
Examples
The new financial report came under intense scrutiny from the auditors.
"Scrutiny" sounds like "screw tiny" – looking at tiny details very carefully.
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of a situation or course of action) filled with or destined to result in (something undesirable). Explanation: If a situation is fraught with something, it means it is full of or accompanied by something undesirable, such as difficulties, dangers, or tension.
भरा हुआ, संकटग्रस्त
Fraught
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of a situation or course of action) filled with or destined to result in (something undesirable). Explanation: If a situation is fraught with something, it means it is full of or accompanied by something undesirable, such as difficulties, dangers, or tension.
भरा हुआ, संकटग्रस्त
Examples
The peace talks were fraught with tension and distrust between the two parties.
"Fraught" sounds like "fright" – a situation full of fright is fraught with danger.
NounHard
English: Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen; understanding. Explanation: Apprehension is a feeling of worry or fear about a future event. It can also mean the act of arresting someone or understanding something.
आशंका, भय, समझ
Apprehension
NounHard
English: Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen; understanding. Explanation: Apprehension is a feeling of worry or fear about a future event. It can also mean the act of arresting someone or understanding something.
आशंका, भय, समझ
Examples
She felt a sense of apprehension as she waited for her exam results.
"Apprehension" sounds like "a pre-tension" – a feeling of tension before something happens.
Noun (plural)Hard
English: An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcome one. Explanation: Repercussions are the long-term, often negative, effects or consequences of an action or event. They are usually indirect and spread out over time.
परिणाम, प्रतिघात, दूरगामी प्रभाव
Repercussions
Noun (plural)Hard
English: An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcome one. Explanation: Repercussions are the long-term, often negative, effects or consequences of an action or event. They are usually indirect and spread out over time.
परिणाम, प्रतिघात, दूरगामी प्रभाव
Examples
The company's decision to cut jobs had severe repercussions throughout the local economy.
"Re-percussions" – like a drum's percussion, the sound (effect) echoes back (re-).
VerbHard
English: Spread (something, especially information, knowledge, or ideas) widely. Explanation: To disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, or ideas widely among many people. It often implies a deliberate and organized effort.
फैलाना, प्रसारित करना
Disseminate
VerbHard
English: Spread (something, especially information, knowledge, or ideas) widely. Explanation: To disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, or ideas widely among many people. It often implies a deliberate and organized effort.
फैलाना, प्रसारित करना
Examples
The organization aims to disseminate information about health and wellness to rural communities.
"Dis-seminate" sounds like "dis-seminar" – you disseminate information *from* a seminar.
VerbHard
English: Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone. Explanation: To solicit means to ask for something, often money, support, or information, from someone. It can sometimes have a formal or even slightly aggressive connotation.
याचना करना, मांगना
Solicit
VerbHard
English: Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone. Explanation: To solicit means to ask for something, often money, support, or information, from someone. It can sometimes have a formal or even slightly aggressive connotation.
याचना करना, मांगना
Examples
The charity began to solicit donations for its new building project.
Synonyms
request, ask for, seek, appeal for, beg, canvass, implore
"Solicit" sounds like "soul-licit" – trying to elicit something from someone's soul.
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of two or more people) fully in agreement; (of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved. Explanation: When a decision or opinion is unanimous, it means that everyone involved agrees completely; there are no dissenting voices.
सर्वसम्मत, एकमत
Unanimous
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of two or more people) fully in agreement; (of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved. Explanation: When a decision or opinion is unanimous, it means that everyone involved agrees completely; there are no dissenting voices.
सर्वसम्मत, एकमत
Examples
The jury reached a unanimous verdict after only an hour of deliberation.
Synonyms
agreed, undivided, concerted, united, consensual, harmonious, collective
"Uni-animous" – "uni" means one, so everyone has one mind/opinion.
Study Tip
Bookmark difficult words to your Word Bank and review them regularly to lock them into memory.
Vocabulary
NounHard
English: A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock. Explanation: Imagine two cars facing each other on a very narrow road, neither can move forward or backward without the other moving. That's an impasse. It's a situation where no solution or agreement can be reached.
गतिरोध, गतिरोध की स्थिति
Impasse
NounHard
English: A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock. Explanation: Imagine two cars facing each other on a very narrow road, neither can move forward or backward without the other moving. That's an impasse. It's a situation where no solution or agreement can be reached.
गतिरोध, गतिरोध की स्थिति
Examples
The negotiations reached an impasse after hours of debate, with neither side willing to compromise.
"Im-pass" sounds like "impossible to pass." When you can't pass, you're stuck in an impasse.
AdjectiveHard
English: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial. Explanation: Something contentious is something that people strongly disagree about, often leading to arguments or debates. It's a topic that stirs up strong opinions.
विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू
Contentious
AdjectiveHard
English: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial. Explanation: Something contentious is something that people strongly disagree about, often leading to arguments or debates. It's a topic that stirs up strong opinions.
विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू
Examples
The government's new policy on education proved highly contentious among teachers and parents.
"Contentious" sounds like "contention," which means disagreement or dispute.
NounHard
English: The action of fixing the boundaries or limits of something. Explanation: In politics, delimitation refers specifically to the process of redrawing electoral boundaries to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same population, thus ensuring fair representation.
परिसीमन, सीमा निर्धारण
Delimitation
NounHard
English: The action of fixing the boundaries or limits of something. Explanation: In politics, delimitation refers specifically to the process of redrawing electoral boundaries to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same population, thus ensuring fair representation.
परिसीमन, सीमा निर्धारण
Examples
The upcoming delimitation exercise will significantly alter the electoral map of the state.
"De-limit-ation" – removing or setting limits. Think of drawing lines to define limits.
Verb (present participle/gerun
English: Encouraging the development of something good or desirable. Explanation: To foster means to help something grow, develop, or improve, often by providing support, encouragement, or suitable conditions.
पालन-पोषण करना, बढ़ावा देना
Fostering
Verb (present participle/gerun
English: Encouraging the development of something good or desirable. Explanation: To foster means to help something grow, develop, or improve, often by providing support, encouragement, or suitable conditions.
पालन-पोषण करना, बढ़ावा देना
Examples
The school aims to foster a love of learning in all its students.
Think of a "foster parent" who helps a child grow and develop.
Verb (past participle/adjectivHard
English: Defeated thoroughly. Explanation: When someone or something is vanquished, they have been completely overcome or defeated, especially in a battle, competition, or argument. It often implies a decisive victory.
पराजित, हारा हुआ
Vanquished
Verb (past participle/adjectivHard
English: Defeated thoroughly. Explanation: When someone or something is vanquished, they have been completely overcome or defeated, especially in a battle, competition, or argument. It often implies a decisive victory.
पराजित, हारा हुआ
Examples
The champion boxer vanquished his opponent in the first round.
"Vanquished" sounds a bit like "vanished" – the defeated side vanished from the competition.
AdjectiveHard
English: Tending to cause harm; harmful. Explanation: If something is detrimental, it has a negative or damaging effect on something else. It's often used in formal contexts.
हानिकारक, अहितकर
Detrimental
AdjectiveHard
English: Tending to cause harm; harmful. Explanation: If something is detrimental, it has a negative or damaging effect on something else. It's often used in formal contexts.
हानिकारक, अहितकर
Examples
Lack of sleep can be detrimental to your health and academic performance.
"De-triment-al" sounds like "destroying a monument" – something that causes harm.
NounHard
English: A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. Explanation: A prerequisite is something you must have or do before you can do something else. For example, a certain course might be a prerequisite for a more advanced course.
पूर्व-अपेक्षा, अनिवार्य शर्त
Prerequisite
NounHard
English: A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. Explanation: A prerequisite is something you must have or do before you can do something else. For example, a certain course might be a prerequisite for a more advanced course.
पूर्व-अपेक्षा, अनिवार्य शर्त
Examples
A good understanding of basic algebra is a prerequisite for advanced mathematics.
Synonyms
requirement, condition, essential, necessity, precondition, stipulation, sine qua non
"Pre-requisite" means "required beforehand." "Pre" means before.
VerbHard
English: Surrounds and has or holds within; includes. Explanation: To encompass means to include a wide range of things, or to completely surround something. It suggests a comprehensive scope.
समाहित करना, घेरना
Encompasses
VerbHard
English: Surrounds and has or holds within; includes. Explanation: To encompass means to include a wide range of things, or to completely surround something. It suggests a comprehensive scope.
समाहित करना, घेरना
Examples
The new curriculum encompasses a wide range of subjects, from science to art.
Think of a compass drawing a circle, encompassing everything within its reach.
Noun
English: An attempt to achieve a goal. Explanation: An endeavor is a serious and often difficult effort or attempt to do something. It implies persistence and hard work towards a specific aim.
प्रयास, प्रयत्न
Endeavor
Noun
English: An attempt to achieve a goal. Explanation: An endeavor is a serious and often difficult effort or attempt to do something. It implies persistence and hard work towards a specific aim.
प्रयास, प्रयत्न
Examples
Building a successful business requires great effort and continuous endeavor.
"End-eavor" – you put in effort until the very end to achieve your goal.
Noun
English: Agreement or harmony. Explanation: Accord refers to a state of agreement or harmony between people, groups, or ideas. It can also refer to a formal agreement or treaty.
समझौता, सहमति
Accord
Noun
English: Agreement or harmony. Explanation: Accord refers to a state of agreement or harmony between people, groups, or ideas. It can also refer to a formal agreement or treaty.
समझौता, सहमति
Examples
The two nations reached an accord on trade relations after months of negotiations.
"Accord" sounds like "a chord" in music, where different notes come together harmoniously.
AdjectiveHard
English: Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. Explanation: If something is inherent, it is a basic or essential part of something or someone, and it cannot be separated from it. It's a natural quality.
अंतर्निहित, स्वाभाविक
Inherent
AdjectiveHard
English: Existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. Explanation: If something is inherent, it is a basic or essential part of something or someone, and it cannot be separated from it. It's a natural quality.
अंतर्निहित, स्वाभाविक
Examples
The desire for freedom is inherent in human nature.
"In-herent" – it's *in* there, part of its *heredity* or nature.
Noun
English: A large number of people or things. Explanation: A multitude refers to a very large quantity or number of something, often people. It emphasizes the sheer volume.
भीड़, जनसमूह, बहुत बड़ी संख्या
Multitude
Noun
English: A large number of people or things. Explanation: A multitude refers to a very large quantity or number of something, often people. It emphasizes the sheer volume.
भीड़, जनसमूह, बहुत बड़ी संख्या
Examples
A multitude of problems arose after the sudden change in policy.
"Multi-" means many, so "multitude" means a great many.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Expressing an idea or feeling fluently and coherently. Explanation: To articulate means to express your thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and effectively in words. It can also refer to forming a joint.
स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करना, उच्चारण करना
Articulating
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Expressing an idea or feeling fluently and coherently. Explanation: To articulate means to express your thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and effectively in words. It can also refer to forming a joint.
स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करना, उच्चारण करना
Examples
She struggled to articulate her feelings during the emotional discussion.
Think of an "art" class where you learn to express yourself clearly.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Bringing into agreement or harmony. Explanation: To harmonize means to make different things, people, or ideas work together well or be in agreement, often by resolving differences.
सामंजस्य स्थापित करना, सुसंगत बनाना
Harmonizing
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Bringing into agreement or harmony. Explanation: To harmonize means to make different things, people, or ideas work together well or be in agreement, often by resolving differences.
सामंजस्य स्थापित करना, सुसंगत बनाना
Examples
The goal of the meeting was to harmonize the various viewpoints on the new project.
Like musical "harmony," where different notes sound good together.
AdjectiveHard
English: Very great or intense; having or showing great knowledge or insight. Explanation: Something profound is very deep, significant, or intense. It can refer to a deep thought, a strong feeling, or a significant impact.
गहरा, गंभीर, गहन
Profound
AdjectiveHard
English: Very great or intense; having or showing great knowledge or insight. Explanation: Something profound is very deep, significant, or intense. It can refer to a deep thought, a strong feeling, or a significant impact.
गहरा, गंभीर, गहन
Examples
The experience had a profound effect on his life and changed his perspective.
"Profound" sounds like "pro-found" – a professional who has *found* deep insights.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (something) necessary as a result or consequence. Explanation: If something necessitates an action, it means that action becomes absolutely required because of it. It implies a strong cause-and-effect relationship.
आवश्यक बनाना, अनिवार्य करना
Necessitating
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (something) necessary as a result or consequence. Explanation: If something necessitates an action, it means that action becomes absolutely required because of it. It implies a strong cause-and-effect relationship.
आवश्यक बनाना, अनिवार्य करना
Examples
The sudden storm necessitated a change in our travel plans.
Synonyms
requiring, demanding, obliging, compelling, calling for, entailing, impelling
Antonyms
obviating, precluding, preventing, avoiding, foregoing, dispensing with
Memory Trick
"Necessity" is the root word – making something a necessity.
NounHard
English: A thorough examination and repair of machinery or a system; a complete change. Explanation: An overhaul is a complete and thorough renovation, repair, or restructuring of something, often to improve its efficiency or effectiveness.
पूरी तरह से मरम्मत करना, व्यापक सुधार
Overhaul
NounHard
English: A thorough examination and repair of machinery or a system; a complete change. Explanation: An overhaul is a complete and thorough renovation, repair, or restructuring of something, often to improve its efficiency or effectiveness.
पूरी तरह से मरम्मत करना, व्यापक सुधार
Examples
The company decided to undertake a complete overhaul of its outdated computer systems.
neglect, deterioration, breakdown, stagnation, decline, minor repair
Memory Trick
"Over-haul" – hauling everything out to look it *over* and fix it completely.
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (a bill or other proposal) law; playing a role. Explanation: In a legal context, to enact means to make a bill into a law. More broadly, it can mean to perform or act out something.
अधिनियमित करना, कानून बनाना
Enacting
Verb (present participle/gerunHard
English: Making (a bill or other proposal) law; playing a role. Explanation: In a legal context, to enact means to make a bill into a law. More broadly, it can mean to perform or act out something.
अधिनियमित करना, कानून बनाना
Examples
Parliament is currently debating a new bill with the intention of enacting it into law next month.
"En-act" – putting something into action, like a law.
NounHard
English: Critical observation or examination. Explanation: Scrutiny involves a very close and careful inspection or examination of something, often to find flaws or ensure accuracy.
सूक्ष्म परीक्षण, बारीकी से जांच
Scrutiny
NounHard
English: Critical observation or examination. Explanation: Scrutiny involves a very close and careful inspection or examination of something, often to find flaws or ensure accuracy.
सूक्ष्म परीक्षण, बारीकी से जांच
Examples
The new financial report came under intense scrutiny from the auditors.
"Scrutiny" sounds like "screw tiny" – looking at tiny details very carefully.
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of a situation or course of action) filled with or destined to result in (something undesirable). Explanation: If a situation is fraught with something, it means it is full of or accompanied by something undesirable, such as difficulties, dangers, or tension.
भरा हुआ, संकटग्रस्त
Fraught
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of a situation or course of action) filled with or destined to result in (something undesirable). Explanation: If a situation is fraught with something, it means it is full of or accompanied by something undesirable, such as difficulties, dangers, or tension.
भरा हुआ, संकटग्रस्त
Examples
The peace talks were fraught with tension and distrust between the two parties.
"Fraught" sounds like "fright" – a situation full of fright is fraught with danger.
NounHard
English: Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen; understanding. Explanation: Apprehension is a feeling of worry or fear about a future event. It can also mean the act of arresting someone or understanding something.
आशंका, भय, समझ
Apprehension
NounHard
English: Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen; understanding. Explanation: Apprehension is a feeling of worry or fear about a future event. It can also mean the act of arresting someone or understanding something.
आशंका, भय, समझ
Examples
She felt a sense of apprehension as she waited for her exam results.
"Apprehension" sounds like "a pre-tension" – a feeling of tension before something happens.
Noun (plural)Hard
English: An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcome one. Explanation: Repercussions are the long-term, often negative, effects or consequences of an action or event. They are usually indirect and spread out over time.
परिणाम, प्रतिघात, दूरगामी प्रभाव
Repercussions
Noun (plural)Hard
English: An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcome one. Explanation: Repercussions are the long-term, often negative, effects or consequences of an action or event. They are usually indirect and spread out over time.
परिणाम, प्रतिघात, दूरगामी प्रभाव
Examples
The company's decision to cut jobs had severe repercussions throughout the local economy.
"Re-percussions" – like a drum's percussion, the sound (effect) echoes back (re-).
VerbHard
English: Spread (something, especially information, knowledge, or ideas) widely. Explanation: To disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, or ideas widely among many people. It often implies a deliberate and organized effort.
फैलाना, प्रसारित करना
Disseminate
VerbHard
English: Spread (something, especially information, knowledge, or ideas) widely. Explanation: To disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, or ideas widely among many people. It often implies a deliberate and organized effort.
फैलाना, प्रसारित करना
Examples
The organization aims to disseminate information about health and wellness to rural communities.
"Dis-seminate" sounds like "dis-seminar" – you disseminate information *from* a seminar.
VerbHard
English: Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone. Explanation: To solicit means to ask for something, often money, support, or information, from someone. It can sometimes have a formal or even slightly aggressive connotation.
याचना करना, मांगना
Solicit
VerbHard
English: Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone. Explanation: To solicit means to ask for something, often money, support, or information, from someone. It can sometimes have a formal or even slightly aggressive connotation.
याचना करना, मांगना
Examples
The charity began to solicit donations for its new building project.
Synonyms
request, ask for, seek, appeal for, beg, canvass, implore
"Solicit" sounds like "soul-licit" – trying to elicit something from someone's soul.
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of two or more people) fully in agreement; (of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved. Explanation: When a decision or opinion is unanimous, it means that everyone involved agrees completely; there are no dissenting voices.
सर्वसम्मत, एकमत
Unanimous
AdjectiveHard
English: (Of two or more people) fully in agreement; (of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved. Explanation: When a decision or opinion is unanimous, it means that everyone involved agrees completely; there are no dissenting voices.
सर्वसम्मत, एकमत
Examples
The jury reached a unanimous verdict after only an hour of deliberation.
Synonyms
agreed, undivided, concerted, united, consensual, harmonious, collective
